Well, hello! My name is Richard Jackson, and I'm gonna be teaching you about independent and dependent clauses. Make sure you have a pen and paper handy. Then let's get started!
哈囉!我的名字是 Richard Jackson，我要來教你獨立子句和從屬子句。確定一下你手邊有筆和紙。那我們開始吧!
So, what is a clause? Do you know? Do you know? Hmm... Well, I'll tell you. A clause is a group of words containing a subject and a verb. Now, there are two different types of clauses. You have independent clauses, and then you have dependent clauses. They both have subjects and verbs, but they beg to differ. Let me explain.
那麼，什麼是子句？你知道嗎？你知道嗎？嗯... 我會告訴你。子句是包含一個主詞和一個動詞的一群字詞。現在，有兩個不同種類的子句。有獨立子句，然後還有從屬子句。它們都有主詞和動詞，但它們不太一樣。讓我來做說明。
For independent clause, an independent clause is a sentence that can stand on its own, and it has a complete thought. For example, "I like cake." In this sentence, you have a subject, you also have a verb, and then you even have a direct object.
獨立子句，獨立子句是個可以單獨存在的句子，且它表達出完整的想法。舉例來說，「我喜歡蛋糕。」在這個句子裡，你有一個主詞、你也有一個動詞，然後你還有個直接受詞。
Now, when it comes to dependent clauses, a dependent clause is one that cannot stand alone, and—because it doesn't express a complete thought. So example of this is: "Since I don't have enough money." Doesn't that sound incomplete? So, do you feel that feeling? Do you feel confused? Do you feel incomplete? It's totally understandable. That'd mean you might understand the difference between independent and dependent clauses. Dependent clauses make you question, What is he gonna do? Rob a bank? Ask your grandmother? Mow the lawn? What? What? What? What is he or she going to do? So, to fix a dependent clause, you have to add an independent clause after it. So, "Since I don't have enough money, I am going to have to get a job." See how much better that sentence sound? See how happy you feel after that?
現在，談到從屬子句，從屬子句就是一個不能獨立的句子，然後－－因為它並未表達一個完整的想法。從屬子句的範例是：「 因為我錢不夠。」那聽起來難道完整嗎？所以，你有那種感覺？你覺得困惑？你覺得沒頭沒尾嗎？完全可以理解。那就代表你大概知道獨立和從屬子句間的差別。從屬子句會讓你困惑，那他接下來要做什麼？搶銀行嗎？跟你阿嬤要錢嗎？去整理草皮？什麼？什麼？什麼？他或她要怎麼辦？所以，要修正一句從屬子句，你得在它後面加上一句獨立子句。所以是，「因為我錢不夠，我得去找份工作。」有發現那句子聽起來順多了嗎？有發現那樣之後你覺得比較開心了嗎？
Here are a few signs of a dependent clause: after, although, as, because, before, since, though, unless, until, whatever, when, and while—those will be at the beginning of the sentence, and these are called subordinate conjunctions. Okay. So an independent clause can stand on its own. It could stand alone! But when you add a subordinate conjunction, this weakens the independent clause, and that is what makes it a dependent clause.
這裡是幾個從屬子句的象徵：after(在...之後)、although(儘管)、as(當...時)、because(因為)、before(在...之前)、since(從...以來)、though(雖然)、unless(除非)、until(直到)、whatever(無論...)、when(當...時)、還有 while(當...時)－－那些字會在句子開頭，且這些被稱作「從屬連接詞」。好的。所以獨立子句可以單獨存在。它可以獨立!但當你加進一個從屬連接詞時，這就削弱了獨立子句，而從屬連接詞就是使它成為從屬子句的東西。
So, let's do a few examples. "Rick eats Cracker Jacks." Independent or dependent clause? Here is where you can pause the video and do this on your own, but I will continue. Yes, it is an independent clause. Let's move on to the next one. "When Rick eats Cracker Jacks." Independent or dependent clause? Hmm... Yes, you are correct. It is a dependent clause, because it has a subordinate conjunction in front of it. Now, let's fix this dependent clause. "When Rick eats Cracker Jacks," let's add the independent clause, "he always makes a big mess on the carpet." See how much better that sounds? It's a complete thought.
那麼，來做幾個例題。「Rick 吃 Cracker Jack 爆米花。」獨立還是從屬子句？你可以在這裡停下影片然後自己做練習，但我會繼續進行。沒錯，這是個獨立子句。讓我們繼續進到下一個例子。「Rick 吃 Cracker Jack 爆米花的時候。」獨立還是從屬子句？嗯... 沒錯，你答對了。這是句從屬子句，因為它前面有從屬連接詞。現在，我們來修正這句從屬子句。「Rick 吃 Cracker Jack 爆米花的時候」，把獨立子句加進去，「他總是把地毯弄得一團糟。」有發現那聽起來好多了嗎？這是個完整的想法。
Write down five examples and identify them for practice. But, my name is Richard, and I have taught you understanding independent and dependent clauses. Thank you. If you do have any other questions, refer to www.myschoolhouse.com.
寫下五個例子然後練習分辨它們。不過，我的名字是 Richard，我已經教你了解獨立和從屬子句了。謝謝你。如果你還有其它任何問題，請參考 www.myschoolhouse.com。
- 「獨立、靠自己」- On One's Own
Here is where you can pause the video and do this on your own, but I will continue.
你可以在這裡停下影片然後自己做練習，但我會繼續進行。 - 「繼續前進」- Move On
Let's move on to the next one.
讓我們繼續進到下一個例子。
